Photographic camera.



PATENTED MAR. 31, 1908.

No.k 883,607.

F. S. ANDREWS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 3, 19'04.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

I fm1/6219i@ 7*, MMM

l l A .4.'

PATENTED MAR. 31, 1908.

F. S. ANDREWS. PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA. 'APPLIOATION rILHnMAB. s. 1904.

4 SHEETS--SHBET 2.

W, m M M MiN/eases.

. y PATBNTED MAR.31,1908. 11s. ANDREWS..

PHOTOGRAPHIG CAMERA.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. s, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

PATENTED MAR. '31, 1908.

F. S.. ANDREWS. PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB. 3. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4..A /r/. Z

-inve/@a 7.

gra hic plate without previous knowledge v for, or with the stops o citizen of the United States, -residin FRANK sANDREWs, or LoNDoN,

ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO ELMER FRANCIS CASSEL, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.`

rno'roenarmc CAMERA.

-v -i-YM I i Specication of Letters Patent. Patented March 31, 1908.

l Application Y led Huch 8, 1905. Serial No. 196,415.-

To all rwhom 'it may concern:v l

Beit known that I, FRANK S. ANDREWS, a at No.V 47 Ladbroke Grove, Notting Hill, ondon, England, have invented new and useful Im provements in or Connected with Photo'- graphic Cameras, of which the following is a specification.

` This invention relates to improvements in and connected with stops or shutters for the lenses of photographic cameras or with .'both -the stops and the shutters whereby an un skilled person can properly expose a photoit consists inthe use of a scale or scales hotographic shutter a lens', or with both on which scale or scales the quality ,of light, the classification or kind of picture to be taken and any other condi- Itions affecting the. size of aperture or the length of ex osure is or are indicated in words4 instea of figures, calculated and arranged that the mechanism afecting the stop or shutter can be properly set' by the yoperator without calculation or reference to exposure tables. .Y The. invention lmay be carried out in severalwaysandFigure 1 of the ,accompanying drawings is a front elevation of a lens an shutter mechanism to which is applied a simple arrangement for carr ing out this invention. Fig. 2 lis a view o a-portion of a lens land lens mount to which is applied a modifivan in connection with a shutter land stops,k

cation for merely regulating the size of the aperture. Fig. 8 is a front view of. a lens, lens mount and iris diaphragm mechanism `to which another modification is applied. Fig. 4 isa view ol a portion mount having ap' lied \ther eto a furtherl modification where varie according to the particular conditions existing. 5 isa front view'ofanother Athereto the two latter being provide nected at 18 to the operating disk 1:7.

the whole `heilig so.

,tarding the movement of the shutter.

of a lens and lens y the size of the stop can i be re ulated and the speed of 'the-shutter Light clouds, Bul and Very Fig. 1, the front, sa of the 'b is moved till it points to divisions marked with such indications as Outdoor portrait, Near landscape, Average landscape Clouds and snow scenes". The pointer b for causing the movement of the iris diaphragm is--adapted to be moved-to any one of the divisions marked on the scale and the c size ofthe aperture for admitting the rays of light to the lens isv thereby adjusted. ,ln

order to be able to vary the length of exposure according to circumstances the pointer c is moved vand consequently' the speed of ac- -tion of the shutter is varied' iii a known man- Distantlandscape, I

ner as follows: The Apointer cissituated u on one end of a bent lever whose other en is pivoted at 12 to a connecting piece 13 ivotally -connected atv one' end to a cylin er 14 which can slide u on a plunger 15 and at the other end to a lin 16 which is pivotally con- In the position seen in Fi 1 the pivotal connection 18 is. concentric with the disk 17 and consequently, as the disk 17 partially revolves when the shutter operates, the link will idly move or'pivot about said pivotal connectionA 18. When however the pointer c Fig. 1 is moved to the left hand the connection 12 is raised thereby making the connection 18 eccentric to the disk 17, so that when the latter' revolves the link 16 transmits a pull to the piece 13 which thus moves about its pivot 12 and causes the cylinder 14to -move own 'over the plunger 15, the resistance of the air Of course this invention coiild be applivedto any other shutter regulating and oper anism for instance to that large class of apf between the cylinder 14v and plunger` 15 paratus in which the speed of the shutter dei' pends upon'the adjustment of the tension orv a spring. The regulating part ofthe shutter being provided with sai Vpointer c a scale d is in icating the vposition of the` ointer c said scale having a number of divisions indicating -for example Bri ht sun, Bri ht,

and each'of these divisions is again subdivided into say, three marked' for example Midday, ,-Morning afternoon and ,Evening early'morning. Assuming for instance it is desired to photograph a distant landscape on a dull day in the early morning, the pointer ating mech-- rovi'ded according (to this invention for f Distant landscape and .by this movement ofthe pointer b to the left in iixed thereto is, for example, provided mth a scenes :be exposed with t Scalea Wholly or artly surrounding the lens mount, and having a number of divisions marked With such indications as Bright sun, Bright" Light clouds Dull Ver dull. Each of these divisions ma also edivided up-into'atleast three sub divisionsmarked for, example, Midday Morningafternoon, and Evening early morning. The diaphragm pointer b is formed as, or has attached eachdivision of whichhas a divisions'in the said scale instance, respectively,

and

pointerh and the g are marked for Distant landscape Clouds and snow Assuming for instance, itis desired 'to take a portrait outdoors on a bright day at midday, the pointer 'b for adjusting the iris diaphragm is moveduntil the pointer h corresponding to f Outdoor portrait on the scale 1s opposite the subdlvision marked Middlay on the part ofthe Scaleal indicated by the word Bri ht. .The plate may now e correct aperture and in this instanc vthe s eed of the shutter may have been p` evious y adjusted by movement of the ointer c over an ordinary time scale y' fir tie s uttery might be of the non-adjustable 1n l Y According to Fig. 2 a modiiic'ation of the invention is shown as applied to an iris diaphragmof the well known kind, in which a ring k is pivotally connected by pin and slot connections ,l with leaves m of the Y their opposite ends n to a fixed -across the lens as indicated b l'now marked 'pand is ma dlaphragm said leaves 'beine' pivoted at ing o, The aperture is made smaller byy moving the pointer b which turns the ring c which brings the leaves more orv less into the position dotted lines. `o 1nter moves is e movable in a guide g about the saine axis asv that about the pointer b moves or thereabouts,

The scale over which the portrait Near landscape "Avragelandf scape. Distant' landscape Clouds and fsnow scenes or other appropriate wording 1s fixed and placed outsi e and concentric with the scale p which indicates the state of the li 'ht such .as Bright sun' and so on. This device hastwo movements, the scale p thereto a scale g` Outdoor portrait, Near landscape, Average landscape,

7 web? the pointer on the scale p omts say Outdoor portrait, Near andscape -whatever it may bev on the fixed scale aand the scale which indicates the conditions of lightand 1f desired tofthesubdivision of such division which indicates the time of day; If desiredthe scale a, mayalso bemade movable and be provided with a pointer s and there may be a fixed scale tias shown in Fig. 7) "marked for exam le Summer Spring Autumn andinter so as to consistently allow for lar er aperture when the light is not strong and the contrary. i

According to another modification and as diaphragm ring c ig. \3, is ada ted to be moved to point to one or other'o -a number of divisions on a movable scale 11 marked say Outdoor portrait and so on, as aforesaid, and provided with a pointer` u which there may be a fixed movably mounted on the stud 1 behind the sector z `for the -purpose of 'covering the aperture 5 in said sector z when -the latter is being set in the well known manner. The

kind and their ation to the shutter is well known. The ms'diaphrag'm mechanism ma be-similar to that shown in Fig. 3.- 'Ilhe ointer 6 for indicat` the adjustf 1P the spring 3 is mounte shown tas they malylY be of .any convenient PB C ment o are connected to t e studl by a feather, and feather wayrteeth 8 on a ring pointer b with the which operates the pointer 6 are movable in the direction of the is first moved, say byy a thumb piece r,.until then the p'ointer b is set to the division on' shown in Fig. 4 the ointer 6 attached to they the hours might be of the year as indicated Fig. 5 represents-v a l'well known shutter The tooth wheel 7. ygears with 9 connected through the 'diaphragm leaves m- 'The said wheel 7 and' points to one or other of a number of diviguide w and be provided for closing it. A supplementary sector 4 is,

various detenta and releasing devices are not o the pointer 6 and Wheel 7 along the stud 1"" against the action Vof the spring 1G and the time of exposure and the aperture are first adjusted by means of the pointers 6 and b respectively but if the operator desires subsequently'to use his judgment he'may, after throwing the Wheels into gear a' ain, revolve the toothed wheel 7 Whichwil simultaneously open or close the aperture more or less Iand produce a correspondingly quicker or slower speed, thus an operator might set the pointers to the position shown' in Fig. 5 to meet the corresponding conditions and when about to take the photograph a quickly moving object might appear Within the field of the lens necessitating a sudden adjustment to increase the speed of the shutter. Ifthe 4Wheels be in gear then by moving the pointer 6 to 'the left hand in Fig. -5, the pointer 4b will be simultaneously moved to the righthand and the aperture Will be adjusted correctly to correspond iwithr the speed Without any calculation or trouble on the part of the operator and Without any loss of time. From `the foregoing it will;be observed that I have provided means for controlling theI relative size of the lens. aperture andthe length of time `of..the exposure, andl lthat IA adjust said controlling means With relation -to different actinic qualities of subject and the best practical results are secured with the scales or gradations of light and subject inversely related, as by that means the uniform actinicfresults, that aresought are assured, the relation of the scales Iieing such that the speed of the shutter is increased to conform Ato an increase the size 'of `the aperture.' I do not, however, desire to limit also benoted in this connection, that Where I refer in the claims to a relative adjustment of speed and aperture I mean any means by which the parts are brought into proper relation to secure uniformactinic results under all conditions. l It Will be understood .thatwhile fI have shov'vn and described means for adjusting the speed of the shutter'with relation to classi` fied-gradations of light, and means for adjusting 'the aperture with relation to classified gradations 'of subjects, I, do not desireftol Y imit myselfin this particular, as it is quite V obvious that`thes'e conditions nifight be reylength of time it is o.pen. v -is clear that the speed of the shutter may be gradations of light, whereby a uniform" actinic action is secured; I have found that versed without departing from the spirit of my invention. It lsl'well known for instance, that the total amount or quantity of'light passing through the shutter is the roduct of the. size of the aperture multipliedp by the This being so, it

just as readil f adjusted with relationv to v yclassified gra( ations of subject, and the aperture adjusted with relation to classified gradations of light, and hence I- consider both forms to be within the scope of my invention.

What I claim as my inventionand desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. The combination with a photographic shutter, of means for indicating ,the relative ,adjustment ofthe s eed and apertureof said shutter with regar( to the aetinic values of light and subject. I y

2. T he'combination with a photographic shutter, of means for indicating the relative adjustment of the s eed and aperture of said shutter with regar to the actinic values. of light and subject, and means for adjusting said shutter to conform to said indicating means. I

.3. `The combination with a photographic shutter, of means for indicating the relative adjustment of the speed and laperture of said shutter with regard to inversely related classied gia'dations of light and gradations of sub'ect. 4. 'Ilhe'combination With a hotographic shutter, of members for contro ling the adjustment of the speed and aperture mechanism of saidshutter, and means for indicating the relative positions of said members with regard to the actinic values of lightI and sub- 'ect.

J- 5. The combination with a photographic shutter, of a pointer for adjusting the speed mechanism of said shutter, means for adjusting the aperture of said shutter, and

means for indicating the relative adjustments, of speed and aperture of said shutter withV mechanism of said shutter, a omter for adjusting the a erture of sai shutter, and means Vfor in icating the relative adjustments of s eed and aperture of said shutter with regar to the actmic values of light and subject. v

7. The combination with a photographic shutter, of means' for indicating the relative adjustment of the s eed and a erture of said shutter with regar to scales carin classified gradations of li ht and classiie gradaltions of subject, sai( scales being relatively proportioned and relatively adjustable.

8. The combination with a photographic y i shutter, of means for indicating the relative adjustment ofthe s eed and a ertureofsaid shutter with regardp to scales bear' classied gradations of light and classifil gradations of subject, said scales being relativeliy ropor-tione one of said scales being a' justabley and the other stationary. Y

9. The combination with an a paratus for exposing a sensitized photograp 1c medium, of means for indicating *they Jrelative values of classiiied gradations of lightand classified gradations of subject, and -means for effecting the adjustment of said apparatus with respectto said indicating means.

10. The combination with a photographic aparatus of means for varyn the quantity o utilized light,.means for mdicating the relative actinlc values of said utilized light with relation to classified gradations 0f subjects, and means for adjusting said varying means with relation to said classified gradations af subject, whereby a uniform actinic result is obtalned. v

11'. The combination with a hoto aphic afparatusof means for contro ing t e size o of subject and gradationsfof lightjwhereby a A uniform actinic action is secured, and means for a'djustmg sald controlllng. means with relation to said yifdicating means.

. 'In' testimonylwhereof I havesigned my name to this specification'in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

Y FRANK s. ANDREWS. 

